Five Wild Cat Species Native to Indonesia — Some on the Brink of Extinction

Indonesia, known for its rich biodiversity and lush tropical forests, is home to many endemic animal species that are rarely found in other parts of the world. Among them are several species of wild cats—four-legged, furry predators with a surprisingly charming appearance. But despite their adorable looks, these animals play a crucial role as predators in the ecosystem, relying on hunting other animals to survive.

Wild cats in Indonesia are not limited to just one type. In fact, the archipelago is home to several unique species, each with its own distinctive traits and natural habitats. Unfortunately, some of these species are facing serious threats, with dwindling populations that highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts.

Here are five wild cat species that inhabit the forests of Indonesia:

1. Asian Golden Cat (Catopuma temminckii)
Known locally as kucing emas, the Asian golden cat stands out with its striking golden-reddish coat. It lives in dense tropical forests and mountainous areas, especially in the western parts of Indonesia. Although elusive and rarely seen by humans, this species is a top predator in its habitat. Its population is currently under pressure due to deforestation and habitat fragmentation.

2. Bay Cat (Catopuma badia)
Referred to as kucing merah, the bay cat is one of the most mysterious and rare wild cats in Indonesia. Endemic to the island of Borneo, it is so elusive that only a handful of sightings have ever been documented. This reddish-brown feline has been categorized as endangered, and its numbers continue to decline due to illegal logging and conversion of forests to palm oil plantations.

3. Marbled Cat (Pardofelis marmorata)
Known as kucing batu, the marbled cat resembles a miniature clouded leopard with its beautifully patterned fur. It lives in lowland and montane forests and is an agile climber, often seen in trees. Despite its wide distribution in Southeast Asia, it remains rarely observed and is classified as near threatened, primarily due to habitat loss.

4. Flat-Headed Cat (Prionailurus planiceps)
Locally called kucing kepala datar or kucing tandang, this small wild cat has a distinctive flat skull and is often mistaken for a domestic cat at first glance. Unlike most other wild cats, it has a strong affinity for water and often hunts fish and small aquatic creatures. Native to lowland wetlands and riverbanks in Sumatra and Borneo, it is currently listed as endangered because of rapid wetland destruction.

5. Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus)
Also known as kucing bakau, the fishing cat lives in mangrove swamps, river deltas, and wetland areas. It has a stocky build, webbed feet, and excellent swimming skills that help it catch fish—its primary food source. Although more commonly associated with mainland Southeast Asia, small populations have been recorded in parts of Sumatra. Habitat degradation and water pollution are major threats to its survival.